特殊群体教育公平与补偿性政策--美国法律演进中体现出的制度保障

Special Groups Educational Equity and Compensatory Policy--The Institutional Insurance Embodied in Law Evolution of America

美国除初等与中等教育法外，与教育公平相关的部门法律体系大致可以分为反性别歧视法、残障人教育公平法、教育类别平等法等。女性教育公平从消极反对歧视走向积极保护，残障人教育公平从形式公平走向实质公平，教育类别中的公平从权利平等走向差别对待，部门法的演进说明美国社会对部分特殊教育群体公平教育观的妥协与改进，从中透射出特殊群体教育公平从普适走向补偿的政策取向。差别对待前提下，追求实质公平是法律体现出的教育公平制度保障。

In general， the sector act system of related educational equity law in America can be divided into anti-sex discrimination act， disable persons educational equity act， and type of education equality act， etc. From negative anti-discrimination to positive protection in women's education equity， from forming equity to real equity is disabled persons educational equity， from equal rights to positive discriminatory， the evolution of sector acts explain the compromise and improvement of educational equity conception about some special groups in American society， and all of these reflect the policy trend of special groups equity is from universal to compensatory. Pursuing real equity is embodied by law in educational equity institutional insurance in term of positive discriminatory.