基础教育均衡发展的政策视角和政策工具的比较分析

Comparative Study on Policy Perspectives and Policy Tools for Balanced Development of Basic Education

基础教育均衡发展是一项受众面广、政治意蕴强烈的利益格局调整的复杂的公共政策现象。从政策最初形成的信息收集、加工和分发阶段开始，到政策的执行与实施，基础教育均衡发展政策的信息来源与加工以及政策参与者对这些信息本身的理解与实施，存在着五种不同视角。不同区域教育行政部门在核心理念、重点关注及政策工具蕴含等方面往往会表现出较大的差异。从教育政策过程的角度看，区域基础教育均衡发展政策的双重动态性，是由特定时期和特定区域内的问题流、政策流、政治流三套参数在特定的路径流动中共同形成的，基础教育均衡发展政策需要一种视角融合的制度化框架。

The balanced development of basic education is a complex public policy phenomenon to regulate the benefit pattern for most people. From original information collection， machining and distribution to policy implementation and actualization， there are five more different perspectives on the policies of basic education balanced development. There are great differences in core ideas， emphasis and policy tools contained among the different regional education administrations. On the education policy process， the double dynamic of policy is formed by the three parameters of problem stream， policy stream and politic stream in certain stage and certain region， and the policy of balanced development of basic education asks for an institutional framework from mixed perspectives.