面向个性化的日本高中教育改革

Senior Secondary Education Reform towards Individuality in Japan

日本高中教育改革包括课程改革和体制改革两大主要方面，前者在20世纪80年代初就已付诸实施，而后者则在20世纪90年代以后才全面启 动，但两者都是为了满足学生的多样化学习需要，促进学生的自主学习，使教育更加个性化。改革促进了高中教育的多样化和弹性化，但由于它在平等与效率之间选择了向效率倾斜，因此挑战了日本战后形成的以基础性和平等性为追求的中等教育价值观。

Reform of Senior Secondary Education in Japan has experienced curriculum reform which started in the early 1980s and system reform which began after 1990s， and both of them aimed at meeting various education needs， promoting students’ ability of self-directed learning， and making education personalized. As a neo-liberal policy， the reform has built a diverse and flexible postsecondary educational system， but it challenged the values of basic education and education equity， therefore some measures were adjusted.