美国[大学本位]教师教育改革的新尝试－[新时代教师计划]评述

Reform of University-based Teacher Education in the U.S.

近年来，美国[大学本位]的教师教育受到猛烈的抨击，同时也出现了各种改革的尝试。本文勾勒了[大学本位]教师教育改革的主要背景，对[新时代教师计划]的设计原则和主要内容，如重视以证据为基础的决策、强调教育与文理学院的合作，以及关于教学是通过学术性教授的临床实践专业的主张和做法作了介绍。文章最后分析了该改革计划的主要特点，并指出了[大学本位]教师教育改革的趋势。

University-based teacher education has been criticized and the U.S. has made great efforts to reform it. This article outlines the backgrounds and the contexts of the teacher education reforms and then focuses on the Teachers for a New Era program in the U.S. through discussing several design principles， such as evidence-based decision， collaboration between education and arts and sciences fully， and teaching as an academically clinical-practice profession. The article finally discusses the main features of the programs and the new trends of university-based teacher education.