从特色学校看英国[国家课程]改革的政策走向

Analysis of the Trends of the British National Curriculum Reform Policy from the Perspective of Specialist School

英国教育体制由于沿袭地方分权制的传统，教师历来对学校有着极大的控制权。但是，1988年[国家课程]改革，特别是国家统一课程体系建立后，教师对课程的控制权日渐式微。随着[国家课程]改革实践的深入，[国家课程]刻板且缺乏灵活性的特征也显现出来。2000年和2008年制定的[新国家课程标准]针对[国家课程]的这一弊端进行了改革。在这两次国家课程标准的改革中，[特色学校计划]被引入，并逐渐确立了以特色促统一的国家课程改革走向。

British educational system always followed the tradition of decentralization before 1988 and teachers had great autonomy on curriculum. However， with the issue of Education Reform Act in 1988， National curriculum reform in Britain has begun. Teachers' autonomy on curriculum became weakened as a result of the unified national curriculum. As the national curriculum reform deepened into the educational practice， the starchy feature of national curriculum was turned inside out. The new standards of national curriculum in 2000 and 2008 are the reforms aimed at overcoming these disadvantages. With the introduction of specialist school in these two reforms， promoting uniform by specialization becomes the trend of national curriculum reform.