双重集权体制下的法国大学自治

The French University Autonomy under Double Centralized System

法国大学自12世纪末诞生以来，便在不懈地追求自治，不仅在中世纪与王权和教权周旋，即使在政治中央集权的状态下，也创造出与其并行的学术中央集权。20世纪60年代开始的改革，使法国大学由传统模式向现代模式转变，学科界限有所突破，但自治领域仍权为有限，特别是未能实现大学作为一个整体的自治。直到今天，也不过四分之一的大学在尝试新的自治。在全球化和国际竞争的压力下，法国大学自治将面临更多考验和挑战。

The French university， ever since its rise in the late 12th century， has been in the relentless pursuit of autonomy. It struggled in the power of king and power of church， and even in the state of political centralization， a paralleled academic centralization was created. The reform of the 1960s enabled the French universities to transform from the traditional model to a modern one and break through the former interdisciplinary boundaries， but the scope of autonomy was still limited， especially in realizing university autonomy as a whole. Even today， only a quarter of the universities have tried new autonomy. Under the pressure of globalization and international competition， the French university autonomy will face more tests and challenges.