走向大学自治 ─ 俄罗斯扩大高等学校自主权的改革述评

Towards University Autonomy ─ A Review on Russian Reform of Enlarging University Decision─making Power

苏联的高等教育管理体制被学者普遍认为是高度集权型的典型代表。而苏联解体以后，其继承国俄罗斯在政府大大学的关系上发生了很大的变化，扩大大学自主权的实践成为当今俄罗斯高等教育管理体制改革的基本走向之一。本文介绍并评析了俄罗斯近20年来扩大大学自主权的动因、改革实践和改革的积极意义与消极影响。

The management system of higher education in the Soviet Union had been considered as a typical highly decentralized model. As far as its successor， Russia， is concerned， the relationship between government and universities has changed a lot. Enlarging university decision─making power is one of the main trends in Russia higher education reform. This article introduces and comments on its reasons， concrete practice， positive and negative influences after the disintegration of Soviet Union.