从新制度社会学视角看美国大学终身教职后评估的制度构建

Analyzing Post-tenure Review in American University in the Perspective of Neo-institutionalism Sociology

本文从新制度社会学视角论述美国大学终身教职后评估三个层面的制度构建：社会规范层面由美国大学教授协会（ＡＡＵＰ）发布的文件、报告形成的非强制性制度，与立法机构、其它部门制定的实施政策形成的强制性制度构成；社会关系层面在以政府为主的外部社会力量、学校管理阶层以及部分教师的支持与美国大学教授协会的认可下进行构建；文化-认知层面通过坚持学术自由，完善而非否定终身教职制度两大策略进行构建。

This article takes neo-institutionalism in the field of sociology as the analytical framework to study how the post-tenure review is constructed in American university from three aspects: Normative， which is constructed from the compulsory system and permissive system. The compulsory system includes reports given by AAUP as well as other organizations， and the permissive system includes policies formulated by legislatures and other branches. The organization has been strengthened by the government， administrators， and some teachers， and it also gains the acceptance of AAUP. The culture-cognitive is constructed by adopted two measures: upholding it academic freedom and perfecting tenure.