日本研究生教育的[三化]改革述评

A Review of [Sanhua] Reform in Japanese Postgraduate Education

20世纪90年代以来，日本将研究生教育改革作为[第三次]教育改革的突破口，其改革的进展与成效值得关注。研究生教育改革在改革理念上定位为[科学技术创造立国]；在改革路径上致力于从[模仿]到[创造]，形成独特的研究生教育模式；在改革目标上努力造就闪烁个性光辉的大学。改革落实在具体政策和措施上主要表现为：研究生教育制度[弹性化]、研究生院设置类型[多样化]和研究生院[重点化]。这些政策措施引发了日本大学组织机制的变革，加快了建设世界一流大学的步伐。

Since 1990s， Japan made the postgraduate education reform as the breakthrough of its third education reform. The process and effects of postgraduate reform are worthy of studying. Aiming at shaping the universities into excellent individualities， the idea behind the reform is ‘scientific technology and innovation for national development’. It has also changes its reform manner from imitation to creation and thus formed its unique postgraduate education model. The detailed reform policy and measures show that the postgraduate education systems are flexible， the types of postgraduate institutes are diversified and the postgraduate institutes are regarded as priorities. All these have caused the reform of university organizational mechanism and speeded up the pace of establishing the first rank universities in the world.