美國基礎教育財政政策演變及啟示

The Evolution of the Elementary Education Financial Policy in the UA and Its Enlightenment

20世纪以来，美国其教育财政政策经历了几次大的演变，总体趋势是：从注重资源配置效率，到注重资源分配公平，再转向强调教育财政的〞充足性〞。美国基础教育财政政策演变历史，与改革开放后我国义务教育政政策的演变有着诸多相似之处。借鉴美国二战后基于公平的基础教育财政政策调整经验，有助于我国现阶段义务教育财政政策的完善。始于1989年的美国基础育财政政策的〞充足性〞实践，对我国未来义务教育财政政策走向也不无启示。

Since the 20th century， the financial policies of American elementary education have experienced several major evolutions. Their overall tendency is from focusing on the efficiency of the resource distribution to the fairness of the distribution of resources and then to the adequacy of education finance. The evolution of American elementary education financial policy is astonishingly similar to the evolution of financial policy of China’s compulsory education since the reform and opening up. The adjustment of elementary education fiscal policy based on the fairness after World War II in United States can be used as reference for improving China’s current compulsory education financial policies. The “adequate” practice of financing elementary education in the US started in 1989， has significant enlightenment to the financial policy of our compulsory education in the future.