美國教師組織目標訴求與運作方式的演變

The Development of Goals and Operating Strategies of American Teachers’ Association

美国教师组织拥有悠久的历史，在教育乃至整个公共生活领域发挥着日益巨大的影响力，这与其目标诉求和运转方式的适时转变不无关系。从目标诉求的角度看，教师组织经历了从以提高教师专业水平、推动教师专业化向以推动学校管理民主化、提高教师政治权利的巨大转变。随着其目标诉求的转变，教师组织开始采用集体谈判、政治活动、罢教运作方式，并逐步成为美国最具影响力的结盟力量之一。

American teachers’ association is known for its long history and its increasingly significant role in educational field as well as in civil society. These features benefit from its timely changing goals and operating strategies. In termsof the organizational goals of the teachers’ association， they have been changed from promoting teachers’ professionalization to improving school management democratization. Consequently， the teachers’ association began to utilize collective bargaining， political action and strike to accomplish its goals， and became one of the most influential interest groups in America.