美國教師教育專業的宏觀結構分析

The Macro-Structures of Teacher Education Programs in USA

随着美国教师教育大学化、专业化以及解制等改革运动的发展，美国教师教育专业形成了6种时间与学位结构：“分离型”或“整合型”4年制、分离型”或“整合型”5年制、“分离型” 6年制、替代性模式。为适应美国公立学校系统的组织结构和州政府的教师执照制度结构，美国教师教育专业设置了4种任教学段结构：幼儿教育、初等教育、中等教育和全年级教育等。中等教育和全年级教育专业根据教学科目进一步分化出不同的任教学科结构。

With the development of teacher education reforms like universitization， professionalization and deregulation in the USA， 6 types of time and degree structures of teacher education programs were established: separated 4-year model， integrated 4-year model， separated 5-year model， integrated 5-year model， separated 6-year model and alternative model as well. In order to adapt to the public school system and state teacher license acquirements， 4 kinds of school level structures of teacher education program were set up: early childhood education， primary education， secondary education and all-grade education. In the secondary and all-grade education， the programs were also divided by subjects.