中外高等教育需求影響因素的比較研究

A Comparative Study on the Determinants of Demand for Higher Education

本文对国内外个人高等教育需求的影响因素进行了比较，发现影响因素主要包括个人和家庭的经济状况、社会背景和学校的财政资助政策等。其中，个人和家庭的经济状况体现为借贷约束对入学决策的影响，它具有长期和短期两种效应；社会背景对入学决策的影响可以理解为是借贷约束的一种反映；财政资助政府对入学的影响取决于学生类型和资助类型的不同，总体上说资助对于入学具有积极作用。基于此，本文分析了它们对中国高等教育的成本补偿、学生资助制度所具有的借鉴意义。

This article reviews the individual demand models for higher education. It reveals that the economic status and social background of the individuals and their family as well as the financial aid policies are the influencing factors. The economic status directly influences the decisions on enrollment， which is called liquidity-constraints effects. The social background influences the decisions indirectly via the liquidity-constraints effects. The influencing degree of financial aids depends on the types of students and aids.