德国大学博士培养模式的主要问题及变革尝试

Problems and Reform of Doctor Program in German University

长期以来，德国大学博士生培养主要是两种途径：传统的”师徒制”和小规模的”研究生院”，其中尤以前者为主。这种缺乏系统管理、散兵游勇式的培养模式已不能完全适应目前科学发展的需要。近年来，德国博士生培养模式已发生悄然变化，很多大学都在进行各种尝试，其中吉森大学的人文科学研究生培养中心（GGK）就是其中一个成功范例。

Two approaches have been dominating the German doctor program for a long time：traditional approach of “master─student” and the small─scaled approach of “graduate school” with the former as the prominent pattern. This pattern is not appropriate in current scientific development with its inefficient management in doctor program. Recently， some changes have emerged in German doctor program， many universities are attempting to undertake reform， among which GGK in Giessen University has been proved as a successful example in the graduate program for humanities.