学位的起源、发展及其特征

The Origin, Development and Characteristics of Degree

各国对于学位内涵有不同的认识，学位的发展在等级上经历了硕士、博士、学士和副学士，在内涵上从教学资格发展到科研能力、科研与专业能力并举、内涵综合化。学位具有职业性、基础性、发展性和开放性特征。

Different countries have different ways for defining degrees. The ranks of degrees have evolved from master to doctor， bachelor and associate bachelor. The connotation of degree evolved from qualification for teaching to research capability， integration of teaching， research and profession abilities. The characteristics of degree lie in its professional， basic， developmental nature and openness.