新自由主義對德國高等教育的衝擊：大學「卓越創新計畫」之研究   免費試閱

The German Higher Education Reform under the Influence of Neo-liberalism: The Study of Initiative of Excellence

面對新自由主義的衝擊和國際大學排名的競爭壓力，德國政府為了使德國大學成為研究重鎮且提高其研究水準，近年來展開了一連串的高等教育改革。其中尤以大學「卓越創新計畫」（Exzellenzinitiative）最受矚目。該計畫提供優秀大學鉅額補助，以奠定學術研究之競爭基礎，計畫執行期間為2006至2011年，總經費為19億歐元。此計畫旨在藉由聯邦政府對菁英大學的選拔，以建立德國學術界的燈塔，並期望藉由資助菁英大學，來提升德國大學的國際競爭力。本文目的在研究德國在新自由主義衝擊下所實施的大學「卓越創新計畫」，其發展背景、主要內容、實施現況，並進一步探討新自由主義如何取代德國傳統洪堡理念，及其在高等教育的傳統與現代之間所引發的衝突與爭論，期望能對也在積極追求卓越的我國高等教育改革給予啟示。

Under the influence of neo-liberalism and competitive pressure from international university rankings the German government started reforming its higher education system to increase the country's attractiveness as a research location and to advance the level of academic research. Among all the reforms the “Initiative of Excellence” drew the biggest attention. Launched in 2006 by the German Federal Government it aims to promote top-level research and to improve the quality of its universities and research institutions. With a total budget of about €1.9bn during the period of 2006-2011 the government provides additional financial stimulus for selected universities to create “towers of science” and establish a competitive environment for academic institutions. The main purpose of this article is to explore the development background of the reform， outline its major conceptual content and highlight implications for German universities. The paper investigates how neoliberalist elements of the reform replace Humboldt's long tradition of a higher education based upon equality. The excellence initiative started a heated debate among scholars and the scientific community and with this paper I try to shed a light on recent discussions about the reform and give deep insights on progress and difficulties of the reform in the hope to find useful references for the excellence oriented higher education reform in Taiwan.