认知干扰还是情绪干扰：病理性网络使用大学生的内隐心理特点比较

Cognitive Interference or Emotional Interference: Comparison of PIU College Students’ Implicit Mental Characteristics

通过实验的方法研究病理性网络使用（Pathological Internet Use ， PIU）大学生是否存在认知和情绪干扰。实验大学生671人，使用传统的STROOP范式和修正的情绪STROOP范式进行实验。结果发现，PIU被试和高成瘾组被试对网络关联词语的反应时间比中性词语的反应时间长，差异显著，但是中等组和低分组则在网络关联词语和中性词语的反应时间上则没有显著差异。PIU大学生和高成瘾组大学生在网络关联词语的反应时间比中等组大学生和低分组大学生长，差异显著，但是在中性词语方面则差异不显著。大学生被试对情绪关联的反应时间比中性词语的反应时间长，表现出了典型的情绪STROOP效应。PIU被试和高成瘾倾向大学生在情绪关联词语上的反应时间都比其他两组成瘾倾向不明显的大学生反应时间长，差异显著，但是在中性词语上的反应时间差异不明显。PIU大学生和高成瘾倾向的大学生有对情绪关联词语有更加突出的的反应延迟特点，表现出了明显的情绪干扰。

PIU (Pathological Internet Use) is a term used to denote problematic Internet use. Young’s eight criteria deduced from the problematic gambling standard of DSM is often used to diagnose PIU. It can be diagnosed as long as one fulfills more than five criteria. The incidence of PIU is about 6%~14% and it can result in mental and physical problems. Pressure， personality， and cognitive characteristics are contributors to PIU， of which implicit cognitive characteristics and implicit cognitive strategies are the key factors. There are two paradigms of implicit cognition characteristics in the current research; one is an implicit association paradigm and the other is a STROOP paradigm. Both of these take RT (reaction time) as the main index. A total of 671 college students were chosen from Grades 1 to 4 as subjects， of which 56 were PIU students. According to the diagnosis scores， the non-PIU subjects were divided into three groups: high addictive tendency group (172)， low score group (167)， and people between them (286). We adopted a 4 × 2 mixed design and used a computer for this experiment. Four groups of subjects finished the traditional STROOP experiment and the emotional STROOP experiment， both of which require subjects to denominate the colors of emotional words (i.e.， positive or negative)， neutral words， and Internet-related words， then record their RT. The results indicate that: (1) there was a significant difference between the RT of PIU subjects and high addictive tendency subjects on Internet-related words and that of neutral ones (T values were 12.62 and 11.38， p﹤0.01); (2) the average RT of female subjects on Internet-related words and neutral words were 411.97 and 394.36. Males’ RTs were 427.68 and 401.41—however， there was no significant difference between male subjects and female ones; (3) there was a significant difference in RT for emotional words， among the four groups. There was no significant difference for neutral words. The RT of college students with PIU and those with high addictive tendency on Internet-related words was larger than those of the other two groups， and showed cognitive interference; the RT for emotional words was also larger than for the other two groups， and showed emotional interference.