刺激材料的整体性知觉对类别建构的影响

The Influence of the Holistic Perception of a Stimulus on Category Construction

采用标准－匹配的实验程序，操纵刺激材料的空间整合性和知觉的整体性水平，探讨逐个呈现刺激材料时影响被试类别建构策略的根本原因。报告了3个实验，结果证明：逐个呈现并不一定会导致被试倾向于家族相似性归类；刺激材料的空间整合性不一定会影响被试的类别建构策略，空间整合和空间分离都可能出现家族相似性和单维归类倾向；刺激材料的整体性知觉水平对类别建构影响明显：知觉为分离则倾向于家族相似性分类；知觉为整体则倾向于单维分类。被试在实验可能采用分析性策略，然而材料的整体性知觉影响了分析的侧重点，从而对类别建构产生了非常重要的影响。

A natural basis of categorization is family resemblance－grouping items with overall similarity to the prototype. However， many researches have shown that category construction was persistently based on a single dimension in an array. Regehr and Brooks (1995) observed that the tasks that encouraged the comparison of pairs of stimuli led to a classification based on the similarity of whole items. That is， the match-to-standards procedure resulted in family resemblance sorts. Nevertheless， Milton a