人类性交往的进化

The Evolution of Human Mating

性交往是人类繁衍出现差异的进化“引擎”。现代人继承了祖先成功繁衍后代的性交往策略。这些策略涵盖长期守诺的性交往（如婚姻）、短期性交往（如短暂的外遇）、婚姻外的性交往（如不忠）、私通他人配偶（引诱别人的配偶）以及配偶维持（与单一配偶性交往）等。两性在性交往过程中面临不同的适应问题，性交往问题的进化机制存在极大的性别差异。配偶偏好不同、短期性交往的愿望不同以及性嫉妒的诱因不同等都是性交往具有性别差异的表现。很多实证研究都证实了性交往策略的存在，人类性交往研究是进化心理学研究中较为成熟的一个研究领域。

Mating is close to the engine of the evolutionary process—differential reproductive success. As descendants of reproductively successful ancestors， modern humans have inherited the mating strategies that led to our ancestor’s success. These strategies include long-term committed mating (e.g.， marriage)， short-term mating (e.g.， a brief sexual encounter)， extra-pair mating (e.g.， infidelity)， mate poaching (luring another person’s mate)， and mate guarding (effort devoted to keeping a mate). Since men and women historically confronted different adaptive problems in the mating domain， the sexes differ profoundly in evolved psychology of mating solutions. These psychological sex differences include possessing distinct mate preferences， dissimilar desires for short-term mating， and distinct triggers that evoke sexual jealousy. This article reviews empirical evidence supporting evolution-based hypotheses about these mating strategies. The study of human mating is one of the true “success stories” of evolutionary psychology.