工作记忆对动态范式中基于客体的返回抑制的影响

The Influence of The Working Memory on Object-based Inhibition of Return in Dynamic Displays

采用双任务干扰范式探讨了工作记忆对动态范式中基于客体的返回抑制的影响。三个实验分别考察了在言语、空间和视觉工作记忆负载条件下基于客体的返回抑制效应，结果发现只有在空间工作记忆负载条件下，动态范式中的返回抑制才受到损害。这表明空间工作记忆不但在静态范式中的IOR信息的维持和更新中起着重要的作用，在动态范式中的IOR信息的维持和更新中同样起着重要的作用。同时也为动态范式中基于客体的返回抑制的空间抑制动态更新说提供了新的证据。

Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a bias against returning attention to a location that has been recently attended. Previous study has demonstrated that spatial working memory (WM) play a key role in determining and maintaining inhibition at cued locations. However， Tipper et al (1991) found that IOR not only existed in static but also in dynamic displays. It thus remains unclear which type of WM underlies the maintenance and updating of IOR in dynamic displays. Moreover， Despite IOR in dynamic displays has received a great deal of research， no consensus has yet been reached regarding the nature of the IOR in dynamic displays: Tipper et al (1991) suggested that IOR in dynamic displays was inhibited from return to recently attended objects. Robertson et al (2001， 2004)， however， suggested that this effect could be reinterpreted as spatial reorienting processes. The present study aimed to examine 1) which type of WM underlies the maintenance and updating of inhibition in dynamic displays and 2) whether object-based IOR in dynamic displays was resulted from the updating of the spatial inhibition or the inhibition of object representation.Method The study employed Three 2×2 factorial within subjects design. The two factors are cuing (the target presented on the cued object， the target presented on the un-cued object) and have WM load or not (have WM load， have no WM load)， with voice WM， spatial WM and visual WM load in three experiment respectively. 60 undergraduate students form northeast normal university volunteered to participate for paid. They ranged in ages from19 to 23 years old. All participants were naive to the purpose of the experiment and had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Stimulus presentation and data collection were controlled by a LENOVO microcomputer running E-prime software. By using the dual-task paradigm， three experiments investigated the role of the voice， spatial and visual working memory in IOR， respectively.Results The results of present study showed that when the working memory task was non-spatial in nature (voice or visual)， IOR was present， although overall reaction times were greater in the presence of the WM task. When the task involved a spatial WM load， IOR was eliminated.Conclusions Overall， the results suggested that spatial working memory system plays a key role in the maintenance and updating of the IOR in dynamic displays and provided new evidence for the idea that the so-called object-based IOR in the dynamic displays was the result of update of the spatial inhibition rather than the object inhibition.