说谎行为及其识别的心理学研究

A Review on Studies of Lying and Lie─detection

国外关于说谎行为及其识别的心理学研究主要包括对说谎时行为表现的研究、对说谎识别准确率的研究及测谎技术的开发与应用。说谎是人类社会普遍存在的现象，但研究显示人们对说谎行为的识别准确率并不显著高于随机判断的机率。说谎者通常所表现出来的与说真话时不同的特点被称为”线索”，人们对说谎线索的看法与说谎者的实际行为表现并不一致。动机、互动特点、个体差异、沟通情境等因素对说谎和识别行为都会产生影响。网络沟通方式下的说谎行为呈现出一些新的特点。

Studies on lying and lie─detection by western psychologists in last half─century are mainly concerned with lie─detection accuracy and the way to improve detection ability. Empirical findings indicate that lying is a fact of everyday life；general detection accuracy is not greater than chance；people’s beliefs about lying cues， which are defined as the verbal and non─verbal differences between truth─telling and lying ， are not in accordance with the real picture revealed by the psychologists. Moderatos of cues to deception and detection accuracy include motivation， interactivity， personality differences， context， et al. Lying behavior shows some unique features in computer─mediated─communication.