物质主义及其相关研究

Materialism and the Relevant Studies

物质主义一般被看作是一种强调拥有物质财富重要性的个人价值观，它已成为很多不同学科研究者感兴趣的课题。文章从物质主义的基本概念、结构及测量开始，重点论述了其成因、影响尤其是对幸福感的影响，并简介了跨文化研究的成果，最后指出了未来的研究方向，一是对物质主义采用量表测量时应考虑社会称许性反应偏见或者开发内隐测量方法，二是关于物质主义与幸福感的研究方法需要改进，三是物质主义在中国的研究有待于加强。

Materialism is generally defined as a personal value stressing the importance of owning material possessions. It has emerged as a topic of great interest among scholars across a broad range of disciplines. This paper firstly introduces the concept， the structure and the measurement of materialism， and then expounds its causes and consequences， especially its effect on well─being， and the cross─cultural studies. Future researches should take socially desirable responding bias into account when measuring materialism with scales or try to develop implicit measurement. The methods used to study the relationship between materialism and well─being are also needed to improve. Besides， more studies based on the Chinese culture are needed.