心理疾病污名形成理论述评

Review of Theories on the Development of Mental Illness Stigma

心理疾病污名是加诸于患者身上的耻辱标记，妨碍患者的治疗和康复。心理疾疾污名的成因理论包括功能主义和生物文化两个派别，污名的发展模型解释了污名的形成过程，身份威胁模型对污名的作用机制进行了阐述。通过抗议、教育和接触可以有效地减少污名。在中国开展相关研究应注重分析传统文化、心理疾病类型与污名的关系，探讨各种减少污名策略的可行性。

Mental illness stigma is an ashamed mark attached to people with mental illness， which may impede the treating and rehabilitating process of clients. Theories on the cause of stigma fall into two approaches：functional and bio─cultural framework. The developmental model of stigma accounts for the progress of stigma. Identify threat model explains the mechanism of stigma. Stigma can be effectively reduced by protest， education and individual contacts. It is suggested at the end of the essay that in China， related research should focus on the analysis of the relationship between traditional culture， mental illness type an stigma， and then further explore the feasibility of strategies of stigma reducing.