心理咨询过程 ─ 效果研究现状及展望

Status Quo and Prospect of Counseling Process - Outcome Research

心理咨询过程-效果研究考察咨询过程变量对咨询效果的影响。以人为中心流派、认知流派、行为流派、精神分析流派等为该研究领域提供了理论基础。主要研究内容有咨询师的反应反式、会谈中的当事人行为、工作同盟、会谈中的重要内容等过程变量与效果的关系。该领域积累的成果还不多，这可能与过程-效果关系本身的复杂性有关，同时研究方法尚有许多欠缺，如考察复杂关系使用的研究设计过于简单、测量工具不统一导致结果难以比较，有些测量工具不成熟信效度不高。未来的研究除了努力克服这些问题外，还应多考虑理论构建、内隐变量的调节和中介作用、当事人变量，在研究方法上应更为综合和多样化。

Counseling process-outcome research studies process variables’ impact on outcome. Person-centered theory， cognitive theory， behavior theory， psychoanalytic theory and some other theories all contributed to this research field. Process-outcome research focuses on the relationships between process variables and outcome. Main process variables under research are therapist response modes， client behavior in counseling， therapeutic alliance and important contents in counseling. Fruits in this field are not so rich at present， probably because the relationship itself is very complicated. Besides， there are some limitations with research methods， such as some designs are too simple for complicated relationships， too many measure tools lead to hardness of results comparison， some measure tools are not mature， reliability and validity are poor. In addition to conquering these problems， future research should consider more on theory construction， inner variables’ moderator and mediator effects， and client variables. Besides， research methods should be more integrative and diversified.