从习得无助、习得乐观到积极心理学 ─ Seligman对心理学发展的贡献

From Learned Helplessness, Learned Optimism to Positive Psychology：Seligman’s Contribution on Psychology Development

Seligman先生开创了习得无助和习得乐观的研究领域。20世纪末他树立起积极心理学的大旗，将心理学引向探索和促进人类性格力量发展和美德完善的轨道，反转了20世纪中后期心理学过分关注人性的消极面和弱点的研究取向，界定了积极心理学三个明确的研究领域：积极的情感、积极的特征和积极的社会的美德和优势，并提出运用美德和优势治疗心理疾病的积极心理治疗理论（PPT）。

Mr. Seligman was the first psychologist who researched into learned helplessness and learned optimism. In the middle of the 20th century， he led the research of Positive Psychology， which shifted psychology’s focus form human frailty and weakness to the strength of the human character and the improvement of virtue. Mr. Seligman defined the three distinct studies of positive emotion， positive character， and positive institutions. He put forward the concept of three factors of happiness and employed the theory of happiness to cure depression and strengthen human sense of happiness. Recently he has concentrated on human virtue and strength research， and according to his PPT theory， human virtues and advantages can be helpful psychotherapeutics for mental illness.