脑内乙酰胆碱与认知活动的关系

The Relationship Between Brain Acetylcholine Release And Cognitive Activity

脑内细胞外乙酰胆碱（ACh）的变化主要反映胆碱能神经元的活动，皮层和海马等脑区的ACh主要来源于基底前脑胆碱能神经元的纤维投射。应用微透析等技术在体检测清醒、自由活动动物认知过程脑内乙酰胆碱的含量，可以研究ACh与特定行为反应和认知活动之间的关系。研究发现当机体需要对新刺激进行分析时，在学习与记忆、空间工作记忆、注意、自发运动和探究行为等认知活动中，基底前脑胆碱能神经元被激活，脑内ACh的释放也随之改变。结果提示脑内胆碱能递质系统活动与认知过程密切相关。

Changes in acetylcholine extracellular levels correlate the activity of the cholinergic nerve endings in the brain. Extracelluar acetylcholine in both cortex and hippocampus is mainly originated from the afferent basal forebrain cholingeric neurons. Acetylcholine release is detected during cognitive processes in awake and free moving animals in vivo byways of microdialysis technique， to investigate the relationship between brain acetylcholine release and specific cognitive activity. Activation of the forebrain cholinergic system， and enhancement of acetylcholine release has been demonstrated in conditions in which the animals are required to analyze novel stimuli and during performance of learning and memory， spatial working memory， attentions， motor activity and exploratory behavior. These results suggest that central cholinergic system activity be closely involved in cognitive procedure.