心算的加工机制：来自认知神经科学的研究

Mental Calculation：Studies from Cognitive Neuroscience

心算加工分编码（表征）、运算（或提取）和反应三个阶段，这三个阶段相互影响。不同输入形式的数字表征在顶叶的不同区域完成。算术知识提取主要与左脑顶内沟有关，但当心算变得更复杂时而需要具体运算时，左脑额叶下部出现明显激活。所有与心算有关的脑区渉及大脑前额皮层颞顶联合皮层综合作用，并总体表现为左脑优势，但估算、珠心算以及某些具有特殊心算能力的人的心算还依赖视空间表征这与右脑额顶区和楔前叶的活动有关。

Mental calculation is complex cognitive procedure， which includes three tightly related processing stages：converting the stimulus into the appropriate internal codes， retrieving or calculating the answer， and producing the answer. Different numbers in different input formats are represented in different areas of the parietal lobe. The left intraparietal sulcus is mainly involved in arithmetic facts retrieval， moreover， and the left inferior frontal lobe is additionally involved in actual computation when mental arithmetic problems become more difficult. While the prefrontal cortex and the occipito─temporo─parietal regions are generally involved in mental arithmetic， predominant activation is typically found in the left hemisphere. It is also shown that approximate arithmetic， abacus mental calculation and mental calculation in a prodigy are more dependent on visual─spatial representation， involving the right prefrontal cortex and precuneus.