重复学习判断中的低自信效应

The Underconfidence-With-Practice Effect in the Judgment of Learning

学习判断是元认知判断的一种重要形式，是对未来回忆成绩的预测。重复学习判断中的低自信效应是一个有趣而反常的现象，指在重复学习测验中，学习判断往往低估了回忆成绩的增加，出现低自信的一种现象。目前，大部分实验证据支持重复学习判断中的低自信效应是普遍存在的，但也有一些实验结果表明该效应是受一定条件限制的。对于这种低自信效应的作用机制，研究者提出了不同的理论模型（如，锚定调整假说、记忆偏向消除理论、过去测验记忆的启发式假说等）进行了深入探讨。最后，文章还指出了此领域现有研究的局限和有待研究的问题。

As an important metacognitive judgment， judgment of learning is the prediction about the future performance of learned materials. The underconfidence-with-practice effect ，which describes an underconfidence phenomenon that people underestimate their recall performance during a test on their repeated study.， is an intriguing and counter-intuitive phenomenon in the field of judgment of learning. So far， most of the experimental evidence supports that the underconfidence-with-practice effect in the judgment of learning is robust and pervasive， whereas some other evidence demonstrated some constraints on the occurrence of the effect. With respect to the functional mechanism of this underconfidence effect， the researchers have proposed different theoretical models (such as the anchoring-and-adjustment hypothesis， mnemonic debiasing account， and the Memory for Past Test heuristic ) to investigate this effect in depth.. Finally， the limitations of the previous studies and the remaining questions to be resolved in the future studies in this field would be indicated in this paper.