两难中合作行为研究的回顾和展望

Review of the Researches in Cooperation in Social Dilemmas

如何预测人们将做出合作行为，是社会两难决策研究中重要的问题。该文回顾了社会两难研究的进展情况，包括社会两难的特征、来源、类型、研究方法和理论基础；综述了两难中影响合作行为的个人因素和情景因素，重点介绍了目前存在争议的制裁系统和合作的关系研究，以及为什么它们之间会表现出一些自相矛盾之处；对合作行为研究存在的问题进行了初步探讨，未来的研究将更侧重于合作决策的理论建构、文化内涵和认知过程的揭示。

It is an important issue in social dilemmas how to predict people to make cooperative decision. This review summarizes recent researches on social dilemmas， including the dilemma's characters， sources， types and the theoretical basics， describes the factors influencing on cooperation， and introduces the interaction between sanctioning systems and cooperation. The reasons of the paradoxical findings are also considered. In addition， we discuss the problems in these researches. We would pay attention to the construction of the theory， difference of cultures and cognitive processes in the future researches.