决策中个体差异研究现状述评

The Individual Differences Research in Decision Making

决策中个体差异的研究有助于进一步检验和深化传统决策理论。文章回顾了近十年决策个体差异研究的主要变量（人格、认知能力、认知风格和年龄）和研究结果，并简要总结了该类研究的背景、研究范式和理论意义。这些研究一致发现个体差异变量对决策过程、决策表现等具有影响作用，说明个体差异与决策加工中复杂的人-情境间联系有关。文章提出，未来研究应该综合考虑决策情境、情绪和决策主体的理论模型，以期对个体差异在决策中的作用做出更好解释。

The individual differences research in decision making (IDRD) can help to re-test and deepen traditional decision making models. The paper introduced the main researching variables (personality， cognitive ability， cognition styles and age) and results of the IDRD in recent 10 years， and summarized the background， research methods and theory meaning of IDRD briefly. These researches consistently found the influence of these variables on decision making process and performance， which indicated that individual differences were related to the complex person-context links in decision making process. To explain the influences of individual differences on decision making better， an integrate model needs to be developed in the future， in which the decision making context， emotion and person are considered together.