工业与组织心理学中的前瞻性人格

Proactive Personality in I/O Psychology

前瞻性人格是指个体不受情境阻力的制约，主动采取行动以改变其外部环境的倾向性。相关的实证研究发现前瞻性人格对个体工作结果、职业生涯结果、团队效能、领导效能、新进人员适应性以及创业等后果变量均具有一定的影响。该文对工业与组织心理学领域有关前瞻性人格的相关研究进行了较为全面的总结，并在此基础上指出未来的研究有必要加强组织层面因素在前瞻性人格与相关结果变量之间的调节作用等三方面问题的探讨。

Proactive personality is defined as a disposition of being relatively unconstrained by situational forces， and toward taking action to influence one's environment. Studies have indicated that proactive personality is related to a host of outcome variables， including individual work-related outcomes， career outcomes， team effectiveness， leadership effectiveness， newcomer adjustment， and entrepreneurship. This paper summarized the theories and studies on proactive personality in the domain of I/O psychology， and pointed out some prospects for the future research such as the cross-cultural studies of proactive personality and the moderating effect of organizational factors.