社会比较：对比效应还是同化效应？

Social Comparison：Contrast Effect or Assimilation Effect？

社会比较直接影响人类的自我评价，对其产生两种相反的效应，即对比效应和同化效应。本文系统地回顾了社会比较的对比效应和同化效应的相关研究；并从关注自我、关注比较目标和关注自我与比较目标之间的关系三个不同方面，阐述了对社会比较效应产生调节作用的各种不同因素；最后，从一种整合和信息的视角，阐述了产生对比效应和同化效应的心理机制——选择性通达(SA)模型。

Social comparisons influence self-evaluations in multiple ways. Sometimes self-evaluations are assimilated toward a given standard. At other times， they are contrasted away from the standard. The paper systematically reviewed the researches on the contrast and assimilation effect of social comparisons. At the same time， we expatiated the moderators of the social comparison effects. Finally， from an integrative perspective we expatiated the psychological mechanism of contrast and assimilation effect—selective accessibility model.