个人奋斗及其相关研究

Personal Strivings and the Relevant Study

个人奋斗作为个人目标概念中最有代表性的一种，是一种特定的、与情境目标有关的人格意向结构，指的是个体通过日常行为所努力达成的特性生活目标。根据目标理论的层次结构，个人奋斗及类似概念被统称为人格中的“中层”目标单元。文章选取Emmons的个人奋斗理论，从个人奋斗的基本概念及其测评开始，论述其与幸福感、人格特质的相关关系，并简要评述了几种不同的个人目标理论，呈现了一种与传统特质理论不同的人格研究方法。

Personal strivings， one of the most popular concepts of personal goals， which represent one of specifically contextualized personal conation constructs， refers to the characteristic types of goals that individuals try to achieve through their daily behavior. According to the hierarchical systems of personal goals， these concepts are all called “midlevel” goal units. Focused on Emmons' personal striving theory， this paper expounds the relationships between personal strivings， well-being and personal traits and briefly compares some similar personal goal theories. From the perspective of integrated trend on personality psychology， this paper provides a method different from the traditional trait theory on the study of personality.