工业与组织心理学中的集体效能感

A Review of the Research on Collective Efficacy in I/O Psychology

集体效能感是指团体成员对于团体成功地完成特定任务或取得特定水平成就的能力的共同信念，其测量方法主要有自我效能感总和法、个体评估平均法和团体讨论法等三种。在影响效果方面，集体效能感可以有效地预测绩效以及其他一些工作态度和行为变量，但过高的集体效能感也会产生负面作用；在影响因素方面，团体规模和团体间竞争等团体内外部因素均能显著影响集体效能感，并且目标设定训练等干预措施也能显著提高集体效能感。文章最后指出未来的研究有必要加强对新型团队中的集体效能感、集体效能感的动态变化等五方面问题的探讨。

Collective efficacy represents a group’s shared belief in their conjoint capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given levels of attainments. There are mainly three methods of assessing collective efficacy： an aggregate of self-efficacy perceptions， an aggregate of individual perceptions of collective efficacy， and group discussion. Scholars have found that collective efficacy can effectively predict performance and some other work-related attitudinal and behavioral variables. However， too high collective efficacy can also produce negative effects. The antecedents of collective efficacy include the factors both within and between groups (e.g. group size and inter-group competition)， and intervening methods such as goal-setting training can significantly increase collective efficacy as well. At last， the paper pointed out five prospects for the future research.