动态测验的理论在外语测试中的应用

An application of the theory of dynamic testing in foreign language assessment

动态测验通过一系列测量手段和技术来量化学习者最近发展区的宽度，即学习潜能的大小。它不同于传统的静态测验，后者所测量的是已经形成的能力，并用此能力的量化指标来间接地推测学习者的潜能。本文介绍了动态测验的理论和相关技术，并通过一项动态测验实验发现：动态测验中，学优生与学差生的潜能基本上无显著差异；且学优生和学差生内部之间存在根据潜能大小进行进一步分离的可能性；动态测验的成绩对学差生的后测表现有良好的预测力。因此，动态测验值得外语教育界进一步尝试和推广，它对外语测试和教学都具有潜在的应用价值。

The target of dynamic testing is to measure the width of the learner's zone of proximal development， namely his/her learning potentials， by means of a variety of validation techniques. It differs from the traditional static testing in that the latter aims to measure the learner's existing ability gained through previous learning， by the quantitative value of which his/her learning potential is predicted. The present paper is an experimental study applying dynamic testing techniques in foreign language assessment. The results showed that: In the dynamic test， successful and unsuccessful learners showed no significant difference in learning potentials on the whole; learners within the successful and unsuccessful groups could possibly be further grouped according to their dynamic test cores; the scores were of strong predictive power in terms of unsuccessful learners' performances in the post-test. Therefore， dynamic testing is worth follow-up trials and applications in the EFL area， and it is of potential value in both foreign language assessment as well as EFL teaching and learning.