藝術商標諧擬之智財問題研究

A Study of Legal Issues Regarding the Parody of Business Trademarks in Artwork

臺灣藝術家使用到著名商標圖像者眾，這些商標絕大部分是國外大企業的商標。目前臺灣雖還未發生因為藝術家使用商標而產生的法律訴訟，但已有國內設計師遭著名商標警告並要求撤下圖像者。創作者使用商標的方式隨創作者的動機、方法和效應而有所不同，商標權乃針對消費者對商標的可辨性和認同感而來，而藝術家對商標的使用則常常是社會觀察與評論的形式。美國及歐洲諸國對於商標諧擬已有判例，也有較深入的學理研究。臺灣藝術家之著名商標的使用和諧擬，除了有法律面向的議題，也涉及了臺灣這個文化輸入區域之文化論述權。本研究從智財權出發，討論了臺灣智財權在相關部分的發展，進而分析商標諧擬的內涵和與言論自由的關係，最後從臺灣的角色地位和國外及臺灣藝術家之作品為例，探討商標諧擬的文化論述權議題。

Assistant Professor of National Changhua University of Education， Department of Art Many Taiwanese artists applied trademarks or images of corporations， and most of these trademarks belong to multinational corporations. Hitherto no Taiwanese artist has been sued for using trademarks but some designers using business trademarks were warned and asked to withdraw their works or erase the trademarks from their works. The usage of trademarks brings different effects， depending on the creator's motives and styles. Different to the purposes of emphasizing their identifiability and consumers' recognition， trademarks used in art usually are the criticism on social issues by the artists. Some court decisions about disputes over trademark appropriation in the U.S. and in Europe have activated various studies which provide valuable legal and academic opinions. In Taiwan， appropriation of trademarks not only involves legal disputes but also brings forth issues regarding the right to discourse of a society adhering to dominant cultures. This study starts from an overview of intellectual property right， along with the development and enaction of intellectual property laws in Taiwan. Then， it investigates the connotation of trademark parody and its meanings to free speech. Cases throughout the world are discussed to further the exploration of the relationship between trademark parody and the right to discourse for Taiwanese artists， considering the peculiar cultural and historical status of Taiwan.