中國繪畫在大時代——傅抱石抗戰時期歷史人物畫之民族意象研究

Chinese Painting of the Great Time ——Study on the National Image of Fu Baoshi’s Historical Figure Painting in the War of Resistance against Japan

抗日戰爭對於中國美術家的影響是十分巨大的。對民族文化精神的強調，幾乎是傅抱石在抗戰時期著述、創作的靈魂。傅抱石在文化民族主義心態的驅使下，向傳統投注了更為深情的目光，並利用一套自我的論述策略，處心積慮地為民族精神與繪畫的關係設計了邏輯與實質的關聯，表現出捍衛民族文化尊嚴、振興傳統繪畫的高度責任感。在抗戰救國的時代主題下，傅抱石積極著述立說和創作，透過學術、圖像、風格等系統化的歷史敘述，努力地塑造中國傳統繪畫精神，付諸筆墨再現為形象的民族記憶，藉著重新發現中國文化傳統的根源與生命力之際，達到文化的民族國家的認同和民族情感的釋發，然後憑藉合適、及時的傳播途徑轉化為國民共同感情與集體認同所寄予的象徵空間，從而達到恢復國人民族自信心、凝聚民族向心力、重鑄新的民族精神之目的，最終實現了民族文化的昇華和自我價值的超越。在傅抱石眼裡，以最古老的線條表現最值得稱頌的高人逸士、民族義士，是弘揚民族文化精神最為恰當的方式。傅抱石應該稱得上「書生報國」之代表，他的學術思想、創作活動，對抗戰時期的文化建設無疑是積極的。當然，這僅是畫家個人從事救亡圖存的詮釋方式，僅是個人實現文化上戰勝敵國的重要途徑。這種方式，無論是傅抱石本人，抑或是國人的認知，都將其視為在文化上打倒敵國的偉大成就，也是民族主義、愛國情操之下的具體表現。

The impact of the War of Resistance against Japan was enormous for the artists in China. The emphasis on the spirit of national culture was the soul of Fu Baoshi's theories and works in the war. He engaged in traditional paintings and utilized his own strategy to strengthen the logic and real relationship between the paintings and the national spirit， defend the national cultural dignity and revitalize the traditional paintings. On the era theme of Resistance against Aggression and Salvation of Motherland， Fu Baoshi plunged into his creations and endeavored to mold the new national spirit， reshow the national memory， find the root and vitality of the cultural tradition to obtain the national identity and express the national emotion by the systematic and historic method on the academics， image and style. And he created the symbolic space of the common feelings and identification by virtue of appropriate and timely transmission in order to restore the people's self-confidence， condensate the centripetal force， reshape the national spirit and ultimately realize the sublimation of the national culture and the transcendence of self-value. In his eyes， it was the best way to carry forward the national culture by expressing the laudable， cultivated and righteous person in his performance of traditional line. Fu Baoshi was on behalf of 「patriotic scholar」 because of his undoubtedly positive impact of his academic thoughts and creative activities on cultural construction in the war. It was certainly just the way of annotation on personal struggling for survival and the individual vital method of defeating the enemy on culture. But in this way， whether Fu Baoshi himself， or other people， it was regarded as the great achievement on culture and the specific performance on patriotism and nationalism.