通用設計與無障礙校園環境之建構   免費試閱

Universal design and construction of barrier-free campus environment

隨著人權教育思潮的演進及教育機會均等理念的推動，身心障礙學生的學習環境與活動空間之規劃益受重視，政府及教育當局對於無障礙環境之建構應予保障，且援助於自立與發展。校園無障礙環境若設計良好，學生的學習滿意度將提升，且能增進活動的參與度，反之，會造成使用者在校不便，對學校活動參與度不足，被排除在相關活動之外。是以，無障礙校園環境的實施不應只談狹隘的建築物理環境設施，廣義的學習設備環境與積極的心理接納態度更是值得所有教育工作者勠力營造與培養，期盼塑建真正符合無障礙精神，具溫馨人文的友善校園。本文以無障礙校園環境建構為研究主題，結合並論述「通用設計」（universal design， UD）理念與內涵，進而提出無障礙校園環境建構原則。「通用設計」，是指所有設計產品或環境應將各種不同使用者的元素及需求考慮在內，讓所有人都能方便使用，包括平等使用、彈性使用、簡單易用、資訊簡明、容許錯誤、省力操作、尺度合宜等七大原則。本文首先闡述通用設計之意涵與原則，其次提出無障礙校園環境之規劃原則，並結合《建築物無障礙設施設計規範》探討規劃無障礙校園環境的設計要點，最後提出對學校經營上的啟示，提供學校行政工作者參酌，希冀能有助於建立一個兼顧通用設計及融合教育理念之無障礙校園環境。

With the evolution of human rights education trend and the promotion of equal opportunities in education， the learning environment of disabled students and the arrangement of their surroundings have received more and more attention. In view of this concern， the government and educational authorities should not only ensure the construction of barrier-free environment， but also reach out to help those students develop autonomy and independence.If the construction of barrier-free campus environment is well designed， students will be much more satisfied with their learning. Meanwhile， the barrier-free campus environment can also enhance the extent to which students devote themselves to the learning process. On the other hand， poorly-designed facilities will surely lead to great inconvenience of the disabled students， further curbing their enthusiasm and motivation to attend the school activity. Those students are made to be isolated from the regular and relative learning environment.Consequently， the construction of barrier-free campus environment should not be merely restricted to the construction of the concrete facilities. It is the generalized concept of barrier-free campus environment and an unbiased attitude toward disabled students that all the educators should make efforts to foster and cultivate. We hope we could construct a student-friendly campus which really fits in with the spirit of barrier-free and also contains strong humanity.The main topic of the research paper is about the construction of barrier-free campus environment. This article combines and narrates the concept of “Universal Design， UD”， further putting forward the principles of the construction of barrier-free campus environment.“Universal Design” means that all designs of products or facilities should take into consideration the different essence and needs of various users. In this way， those products or facilities designed can be handily available to all users. “Universal Design” contains seven principles， including equal chances for using， a flexible use， a easy access， clear and precise instruction， error allowable， easy handy， criterion suitable. This article will first elaborate the concepts and principles of “Universal Design.” Next， it will continuously examine the principles of the construction of barrier-free campus environment and integrates the key points from Building non-barrier facility design standard into the whole arrangement of the construction. Finally， this paper also presents some reflections and advices for administrators to reexamine the status quo， hoping to help construct a barrier-free campus environment which integrates both “Universal Design” and above-mentioned educational concepts.