社會階級對子女學業成就的影響：以家庭資源為分析架構

Social Class Effect on Children' Academic Achievement: Using Family Resources as Analytic Frame

本研究主要在探討父母社會階級、家庭資源對國中生學業成就的影響情形。其中，家庭資源包含家庭經濟資本、家庭文化資本、家庭社會資本等三部分；經濟資本是指有關學習經費的運用；文化資本是指家庭對形式文化活動的參與情形；社會資本則包含親子互動、家校互動與家庭規範等三層面。本研究以臺灣地區國中生一至三年級為對象，共有1，375人參與本研究。研究結果發現，影響學業成就最主要的變項為家庭經濟資本，其次是社會階級等背景變項，社會階級是資產階級與經理階級，經濟資本愈高，則子女的學業成就愈高，而家庭文化資本變項對學業成就沒有顯著預測力，家庭社會資本變項則對學業成就的預測力相當薄弱。這項結果說明臺灣地區國中生的學業成就受到經濟資本及父母社會階級相關變項的影響較大，顯示臺灣地區教育機會均等的落實仍有待提升。

This study probes into the influence of social class， and parents’ resources on the academic achievement of junior high school students. The family resources include economic capital， cultural capital， and social capital in the family. The family economic capital is application of study funds in the family. The cultural capital consists of formal cultural activities participation. The social capital includes three aspects: the interaction of parents and children， the interaction of family and school， and the family’s model. There are 1，375 junior high school students participating in this research. The results of the study find that the main variable which influences the academic achievement is the family economic capital; the second influence is the variables about social class. The social classes are managers or capitalists， the more economic capital， then the higher the children’s academic achievement. The cultural capital in the family has no remarkable power in predicting the academic achievement. This result proves that the idea of the quality of educational opportunities in Taiwan’s junior high schools still remains to be promoted.