直線或曲線成長？幼兒安全依附潛在成長軌跡之探討

Linear or Quadratic Growth? An Exploration of Potential Growth Trajectories in Young Children Secure Attachment

本研究旨在探討6-24月齡幼兒安全依附潛在成長之軌跡。研究以「臺灣幼兒發展調查資料庫（Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development & Care, KIT）」中3月齡組幼兒為研究對象，對其在6、12、18及24月齡四個時間點上安全依附縱貫資料進行零基模型、隨機截距模型、隨機截距隨機斜率模型、未指定軌跡模型和多項式成長曲線模型的比較，以確定幼兒安全依附的發展模式。結果發現，多項式成長曲線是最適合樣本的模型，也就是6至24月齡幼兒的安全依附呈現二次曲線發展的軌跡。其中，6-12月齡期間是安全依附發展最快速的階段，其次是12-18月齡，18-24月齡，幼兒的安全依附發展會慢慢趨於穩定。就此發現，建議父母或主要照顧者在幼兒安全依附發展的關鍵時期，提供一致且敏感的回應。地方政府的社會服務部門可以透過推廣安全依附教育和支持服務，幫助父母和主要照顧者理解並實施有效的照護策略。托育中心等機構可創造穩定和關愛的環境，以協助幼兒安全依附的發展。

This study aims to explore the latent growth trajectories of secure attachment in infants aged 6 to 24 months. Using data from the“Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development & Care (KIT)”for infants in the 3-month age group, longitudinal data on secure attachment at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were analyzed. The analysis involved comparing the zero-based model, random intercept model, random intercept-random slope model, unspecified trajectory model, and polynomial growth curve model to determine the developmental pattern of secure attachment in infants. The results showed that the polynomial growth curve model best fit the sample. Except for the 3-month-old infants, where latent growth analysis was not statistically feasible, the secure attachment of infants aged 6 to 24 months followed a quadratic growth trajectory. The period from 6 to 12 months was the fastest-growing stage for secure attachment, followed by the 12 to 18-month period, with development gradually stabilizing from 18 to 24 months. Based on these findings, it is recommended that parents or primary caregivers provide consistent and sensitive responses during the critical periods of secure attachment development. Local government social service departments can assist parents and primary caregivers through educational programs and support services to understand and implement effective caregiving strategies. Institutions such as childcare centers can create stable and nurturing environments to support the development of secure attachment in infants.