臺灣0到2歲嬰幼兒照顧政策的成效與問題檢視

Strenghts and Weaknesses of Taiwan’s Infant and Childcare Policy From Birth to Two

與許多國家相似的，臺灣也面臨低生育率所帶來的種種社會問題。本研究主要聚焦於臺灣0歲至2歲嬰幼兒照顧政策之成效與侷限的深究。因此，以地方政府主管人員、托育機構中心主管、托育人員、保母與育兒家長為對象，深度訪談20位相關人員，以價值與規範雙取向分析方法進行文本資料的蒐集與探究評估政策績效。研究顯示0-2歲嬰幼兒照顧政策確有成效，這包括托育服務量能大為擴增，可充分的供給家庭育兒需求，而托育費用明顯降低也可有助減輕家庭育兒負-擔。此外，有愈來愈多的私營業者選擇加入準公共服務，並因為政府更為主動的管控機制，使民眾對托育服務品質更為信任。最後，相關法令與配套措施愈見友善，因此為照顧嬰幼兒而留職停薪者也愈見普遍。不過，政策運作還是有所侷限，例如人員流動還是非常頻繁；而相關托育資源分配也有城鄉區域落差。另外補助津貼雖受到歡迎，但對家庭育兒的協助力道還是有限。整體來看，上述嬰幼兒照顧政策雖有不少正面影響，但目前國內生育比率仍持續低迷，顯示政策作為與少子女化的改善情形連結性不佳，政策仍需滾動調整。

This study focuses on the achievements and limitations of care policies for toddlers aged 0-2 years in Taiwan to elucidate the effectiveness of these policies. Accordingly, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants, including local government officials, supervisors of infant child care centers, child caregivers, nannies, and parents of toddlers. Policy performance was assessed by collecting and analyzing textual data using a dual-orientation approach focusing on values and norms. The findings indicate that the 0–2-year-old child care policy has effectively expanded the capacity of nursery services, adequately meeting care demands. Additionally, an increasing number of private enterprises have joined the market for quasi-public childcare services, which the government has adopted a more proactive role in managing child care services. As a result, public trust in the quality of these services has grown. Furthermore, as society increasingly recognizes the value of parental involvement parental involvement in early childhood development, favorable laws and supportive measures have been implemented, making the use of parental leave to care for young children more common. However, several limitations remain. For instance, the salaries of staff in nursery institutions, family child care services, and parent-child centers are not highly competitive, contributing to high staff turnover. Additionally, government regulations regarding service outsourcing to the private sector are complex, and disparities in resource distribution between urban and rural areas have led to uneven service quality. Although subsidies and allowances are welcomed, they offer only limited support for families. Moreover, the need to pursue a career development constrain parent’s child-rearing.