當童年創傷遇見助人之心：逆境經驗對社工專業認同之影響

When Childhood Trauma Meets the Desire to Help: The Influence of Adversity Experiences on Professional Identity in Social Work

童年逆境經驗（adverse childhood experience, ACE）指18歲之前遭遇對身心健康發展具潛在負面影響的創傷事件，此經驗可能形塑獨特的人格特質，也可能對專業認同有影響，在助人工作領域尤為重要。本研究參酌個人心理與社會環境等理論，建構「ACE→助人特質→專業認同」的中介效應模型，深入探究其中的關係。分析資料為「臺灣各大學社會工作學系學生社工特質與專業職能研究」，此為全國30所大學社工系大四在學生的問卷調查，有效樣本數為2,282人。
本研究有下列重要發現：一、四成以上社工系學生在進大學之前曾有ACE經歷。二、ACE對於助人特質的養成、助人特質對於社工專業認同皆有正向效用。三、在ACE對社工專業認同的影響路徑中，助人特質發揮完全中介的作用，即ACE透過助人特質，間接影響專業認同。四、並非所有助人特質有一致的效應，熱情使命、內省反思、同理心、溝通表達四者扮演「ACE至專業認同」正向的中介角色，團隊合作是負向作用；至於洞察力、毅力的效果則不顯著。本研究有助於理解ACE在助人特質、專業認同形成過程的心理機制，文末對於教育體系與政府部門提出政策建議。

Adverse childhood experience (ACE) refer to traumatic events en¬countered before the age of 18 that have a potential negative impact on physical and mental health development. This experience may shape unique personality traits and potentially influence professional iden¬tity, which is particularly significant in the helping professions. Draw¬ing upon theories from individual psychology and social environment, this study constructs a mediating relationship model of“ACE→helping characteristics→professional identity”to deeply explore these relation¬ships. The data analyzed comes from the“Study on social work charac¬teristics and professional competencies of university social work students in Taiwan,”a nationwide survey of senior-year social work students from 30 universities, yielding an effective sample size of 2,282.
The study has the following important findings: 1. Over 40% of so¬cial work students had experienced ACE before entering university. 2. ACE have a positive effect on the development of helping characteris¬tics, and helping characteristics also have a positive effect on social work professional identity. 3. In the pathway of ACE influencing social work professional identity, helping characteristics play a role of completed me¬diation, meaning ACEs indirectly affect professional identity through helping characteristics. 4. Not all helping characteristics have a consis¬tent effect: Passion and mission, introspection and reflection, empathy, and communication and expression play a positive mediating role in the“ACE to professional identity”pathway; teamwork has a negative effect; and the effects of insight and perseverance are not significant. This study contributes to understanding the psychological mechanism of how ACEs shape helping characteristics and professional identity. Policy recommen¬dations for the educational system and government sectors are proposed at the end of the paper.