高等教育政策的控制结构及其演变--基于政策本文的实证分析

The Control Structure of Higher Education Policy and Its Evolution--An Empirical Study Based on Policy Text

教育政策是对教育领域中价值的权威控制。规制、分配和倡导是三种基本的政策控制方式。作者对1979-1998年我国高等教育政策本文中的控制方式进行了系统分析，并就相关研究假设对政策制定者与执行者进行了验证性访谈。研究认为：以规则为主导的控制结构受政府换届的影响小，具有相对稳定性；三种控制方式之间互为制约，相辅相成；随着政府职能的转变，政策中的分配方式逐渐增加，整个控制结构的发展，表现为在某些领域出现控制的弱化，而另一些领域出现维持强控制或强化控制的趋势。规则与分配在管理体制政策领域的相对集中，反应了高等教育管理中集权和分权的内在价值矛盾，并使权威对价值控制表现出非线性和反复性的特征。我国高等教育的政策控制总体上仍属于强控制型。

Education policy is an authoritative control of values in education filed. Regulation， allocation and advocacy are three basic forms of policy control. The author analyzes China’s higher education policy text from 1979 to 1998 and interviews officers in the realm of policy making and policy implementation so as to test related research hypotheses. It is found that Regulation-dominant control structure shows relative stability during the change of administration. The three control forms are complementary to each other. With the transformation of government functions， allocation exhibits a gradual increase， and policy control weakens in some fields while strengthening in others. The relative aggregation of regulation and allocation in the administration system is a reflection of the value contradiction between centralization and decentralization inherent in higher education administration. The trend of control’s weakening and strengthening exhibits a non-linear development. As a whole， the policy control of higher education in China is quite strong.