語類結構視角下的華語教材前言分析

A Genre Structure Analysis of Prefaces in Chinese Teaching Materials

教材前言，又被稱為編輯要旨、引言或主編的話，是教材前的說明文字。通常由教材編輯者或其他人撰寫，用於說明編輯背景、目的、過程、體例或內容等，華語教材的前言也遵循這一模式。然而，撰寫前言時往往難以下筆，且很少有可供參考的前言寫作模式。雖然已有豐富的華語教材相關研究成果，但對於前言的研究卻相對較少。本研究採用比較教育研究法和內容分析法，從語類結構的角度分析臺灣、中國大陸和美國華語教材前言的異同。研究結果發現三地華語教材前言包含引言、本文和結語等三個主語步和22個次語步。前言的主要語步相同，但次語步組成有差異，位置不固定。主要意義在於：一是可作為華語教學者和學習者閱讀前言和選擇華語教材時的參考；二是有助於教材編輯者撰寫更完整的前言。

The preface, or editorial summary, is a crucial explanatory text at the start of teaching materials, typically written by the editor. It provides essential background on editing objectives, processes, style, and content, holding true for Chinese language teaching materials. As a researcher and editor of Chinese language teaching materials, I recognize the preface's significance. Despite scarce models, it serves as a vital reference for understanding material content, posing challenges in its composition. Extensive research exists on Chinese language teaching materials, but prefaces are understudied, impacting material selection for educators and learners. This study underscores investigating prefaces in Chinese language teaching materials, focusing on genre structure and linguistic features across Taiwan, China, and the United States. Three main steps - introduction, main text, and conclusion - with 22 sub-steps were identified. While main steps are consistent, variations in sub-step composition and positioning highlight considerable flexibility in preface writing. The research aims to provide empirical evidence for comparative preface analysis, offering insights for material selection and preface writing. It significantly contributes to aiding Chinese language educators and learners in material reading and selection while assisting editors in crafting more comprehensive prefaces.