治理與記憶的城郭：臺灣府城建城過程與文化資產保存之研究

City Walls of Governance and Memory: A Study on the Construction of Taiwan Prefectural City and the Preservation of Cultural Heritage

臺灣府城的歷史是清代治理與文化保存的縮影，其建城過程並非一蹴可幾。清廷在康熙年間對築城態度矛盾，考量到地理環境、高昂經費及擔心叛亂份子據城固守，因此遲遲未動工。直到雍正3年（1725），在地方官員與仕紳的共同努力下，才開始以木柵竹城的形式建城。臺灣府城歷經多次變革，從木柵竹城演進為更堅固的土城，並在道光年間擴建外城，將五條港等繁華街區納入防禦範圍，反映清朝對臺灣治理策略從消極防守轉向積極鞏固的重大轉變，也彰顯城牆在軍事防禦、社會穩定及城市發展上的多重意義。
進入日治時期，傳統城垣因現代化建設和軍事需求而遭到大規模拆除，其建材也被再利用於新的城市設施，如公園造景或軍營。這段「毀城夷郭」的歷史，激發民間和官方的保存意識。部分僅存的城門被指定為「史蹟」，為臺灣文化資產保存奠定基礎。
當代，臺南市積極整合現存的城垣殘跡，將其從單一古蹟升格為國定古蹟，這不僅是法律上的保護，更是透過學術研究與文資審議，重新賦予這些城垣史蹟完整的歷史敘事。這段建城與保存的雙重歷史，讓後人能夠理解城市在不同時代的變遷與演進，並在城市發展的同時，珍視那些承載著豐富故事的歷史遺產。

The history of Taiwan Prefectural City epitomizes Qing governance and cultural preservation. Its construction, delayed due to geographical conditions, financial costs, and security concerns, began in 1725 with bamboo palisades and was later replaced by earthen walls. The expansion during the Daoguang reign, which incorporated the bustling districts such as Wutiaogang within the defensive scope, signaled a strategic shift from passive defense to proactive consolidation of control, highlighting the walls’functions in providing military defense, maintaining social order, and facilitating urban growth.
Under Japanese colonial rule, large-scale demolitions repurposed wall materials for urban modernization projects such as public gardens and barracks, sparking an early awareness of heritage preservation, with several gates designated as historic sites.
Today, Tainan government actively integrates surviving remnants as nationally protected monuments, supported by academic research and heritage assessments. This intertwined history of construction and preservation reveals the city’s transformations across different eras, while highlighting the enduring cultural value of its architectural legacy.