学术自由辨析

On Misconceptions of Academic Freedom

学术自由是大学是灵魂，明确学术自由的性质、对象、目的、范围等问题，有助于理解和把握大学的本质和特点。学术自由是学者的特权，抑或普公民的权利？学术自由与言论自由、思想自由是何关系？学者在专业领域以外享有学术自由吗？学院和大学董事以及校长是学术自由的「天敌」吗？除了解聘教师之外，还有哪些威胁学术自由的因素？这些问题的回答能够帮我们全面理解学术自由的内涵。

Academic freedom is the spirit of university. Only after we have learnt the meaning， character， purpose and scope of academic freedom， can we better understand the essence and traits of university. Is academic freedom the scholar’s privilege or citizen’s right? What is the relationship among academic freedom， expression freedom and thinking freedom? Does academic freedom protect professors beyond their specialities? Are presidents and boards of colleges and universities the “great enemies” of academic freedom? Are there any other factors intimidating academic freedom besides dismissing professors? and so on. By answering those questions， we can understand academic freedom more comprehensively.