没有自由的自治 - 解读德国《高校自治法》兼论德国高等教育政策

Autonomy without Freedom：An Interpretation on the German “Higher Education Freedom Law” and Views on Higher Education Policies in Germany

德国北莱茵─威斯特法伦州去年颁布的《高校自治法》于今牪月1日正式实施。本文通过对德国当今高等教育与科研的现状梳理及其相关政策的分析，对此法进行深入解读。作者认为，高校作为一类特殊的社会组织，即学术共同体，其自治的特殊性以联邦德国《基本法》所规制的”学术自由、科研自由、数学自由”为表征。上述三大自由是高校成员社会化的根本要素。任何以牺牲这些要素的高校自治诉求最终只能是一场泡影。

On Jan. 01 2007， North Rhine─Westphalia’s “Higher Education Freedom Law” promulgated in last year was official implemented in Germany. Through the review of higher education and academic researches on current Germany policies， this paper interprets this law concretely. The author believes that university， as an “Academic Community”， should be a special social organizations. Its specialty is characterized as the traditional and embodied in “Basic Law” of the Federal Republic Germany. These three freedoms are the cardinal elements of socialization of all university members. Any claims on higher education autonomy at the cost of these elements should be declared as fata morgana.