臺灣師資培育制度「法制化」的演進歷程

The Evolution of the ''Legalization'' of Taiwan's Teacher Training System

本文從臺灣師資培育制度法制化，即以法律來規定制度施行的觀點，回顧從1979年制定《師範教育法》以來，到現行的《師資培育法》（2017年5月制定，2019年11月部分條文修正），大約40年來的法律演進歷程。1994年元月制定的第一代《師資培育法》，雖然沿革自《師範教育法》，但其對師資培育的基本構想與制度設計卻翻轉了原來的一元化、封閉體系，轉向多元開放，可說是一種制度上的「派典轉移」。第一代《師資培育法》歷經數次部分條文修正後，於2002年6月全文翻修，產生了第二代《師資培育法》；2017年5月，又一次全文修正，故現行的《師資培育法》乃屬第三代的師培制度。本文以此為框架，逐一探討規範變革的理由、內涵、意義及特色。同時，也針對制度實施時期出現的問題及/或相關議題，進行粗略的描述與討論，包括師範教育與意識形態國家機器、師資培育課程概念界定的演變、公費與實習的問題、《師範教育法》與《幼稚教育法》對幼稚園教師培育的爭議、以及幼稚園教師教育學程可以內含於幼教系學生的128畢業總學分中等問題。

This article reviews the history of Taiwan's teacher education system from the perspective of legalization. The scope covers the legal evolution process in about 40 years, from the enactment of the ＂Teacher Education Law＂ in 1979 to the current “Teacher Training Law＂ (enacted in May 2017 and amended in November 2019). The first generation of the “Teacher Training Law＂ enacted in January of 1994, although it has evolved from the ''Teacher Education Law'', its basic conception and system design for teacher training have reversed the original monism, closed system, and turned to the orientation of pluralism and openness, which can be regarded as a kind of institutional ''paradigm shifting''. After several amendments to some provisions, the first generation “Teacher Training Law＂ was revised in June 2002, and the second-generation ''Teacher Training Law'' was produced. In May 2017, the full text was revised again, so the current “Teacher Training Law＂ is a third-generation teacher training system in Taiwan. This paper takes this as a framework to discuss the reasons, connotation, significance and characteristics of normative changes one by one. At the same time, it also provides a rough description and discussion of the problems and/or related issues arising during the implementation of the system, including teacher education and ideological state machines, the evolution of the definition of teacher training courses, the problems of public funding and internship, teacher education law and The controversy of the kindergarten education law on the training of kindergarten teachers, and the 128 total graduation credits of kindergarten teachers' education programs.