臺灣教育實習制度的回顧與前瞻

Retrospect and Prospect of Educational Practicum in Taiwan

教育實習制度乃是提升師資培育品質之重要利器。本文旨在瞭解臺灣教育實習制度的沿革、問題與展望。首先，本文論述《師範教育法》與《師資培育法》教育實習制度的演變；其次，分析臺灣幼教教育實習制度的五大問題：（1）實習內容各自解讀；（2）實習輔導欠缺系統性；（3）實習學校不當選擇；（4）實習期程不完整；（5）人際互動待強化。最後，本文針對臺灣幼教教育實習制度提出四項建議，以供教育實習制度政策規劃與推動之參考，分別為：（1）建立影子實習機制，落實四合一實習功效；（2）結合教學輔導教師認證，培養實習輔導人才；（3）遴選專業發展學校，提供實習學生選擇參考；（4）延長實習期程，學習幼兒園完整教育脈絡。

An educational practicum is an important tool for improving the quality of teacher education. This article aims to understand the evolution, problems, and prospects of educational practicum in Taiwan. First, this article discusses the evolution of the educational practicum from the ''Normal Education Act '' and ''Teacher Education Law''. Second, it analyzes the five major problems of the practicum in early childhood education in Taiwan: (1) Divergence interpretation of practicum content; (2) Lack of systematic practicum mentoring; (3) Improper choice of practicum school; (4) Incomplete practicum school schedule; (5) Weak of Interpersonal Interaction. Finally, this article proposes four suggestions for the practicum in early childhood education, and provides suggestions for the policy planning and promoting of the educational practicum in Taiwan: (1) Establish a job shadowing mechanism to implement the 4-in-1 practicum effect; (2) Combining the certification of mentor teacher to train practicum mentoring talents; (3) Select professional development schools to provide choices for practicum students; (4) Extend the practicum period and learn the complete educational context of kindergarten.