J.Bruner有關幼兒發展的觀點及其教育意蘊

J.Bruner’s Views on Early Childhood Developmentand its Educational Implications

美國知名的心理學家和教育家J. Bruner以其在幼兒發展方面的長年研究，累積了豐碩的研究成果，極具價值。本研究蒐集Bruner有關幼兒發展的研究發現，並加以分析整理，進而歸納其在幼兒發展方面的重要觀點，希冀更深入地瞭解幼兒的發展。基於此，本文首先介紹Bruner早年開展有關幼兒發展的研究；其次，分析其在幼兒發展方面所獲得的重要研究發現，包括：心智發展始自內在表徵、課程設計植基於結構、教學旨在促進思考能力、教育活動本於文化脈絡、發現行動點燃學習樂趣、遊戲促進真實的理解。最後，依據所歸結的重要研究發現，說明Bruner幼兒發展研究所蘊含的教育意義，俾供國內幼兒教育工作者之參酌。

J. Bruner, a well-known American psychologist and educator, has accumulated fruitful research results with his long-term effort on early childhood development, which is of great value. This study collects Bruner's research findings on early childhood development, analyzes and organizes them, and then sorts out his important views on early childhood development, hoping to gain a deeper understanding of early childhood development. Based on this, the article first introduces Bruner's early research on early childhood development; secondly, analyzes his important research findings, including: mental development begins with internal representation, curriculum design is based on structure, and teaching aims to promote thinking ability, educational activities are based on cultural context, discovery actions ignite the joy of learning, and games promote real understanding. Finally, based on the summarized important research findings, the educational significance of early childhood development is explained for the reference of domestic early childhood educators.